APPENDIX G:
PARTICIPANT BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

AKINOLA AGUDA practices law in Nigeria, where he has also served as Director of Public Prosecutions, Solicitor-General and Permanent Secretary, Chief Justice of Ondo State and Western State, respectively, and Dean of Law of the University of Ife. Mr. Aguda received his advanced degrees in law from the London School of Economics, and the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. In 1952 he was called to the English Bar by the Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn and admitted a Barrister and Solicitor to Nigeria’s Supreme Court. Mr. Aguda has also served as Chief Justice of the Republic of Botswana, and as Justice of the Courts of Appeal of Botswana, of Lesotho, and of Swaziland.

CARMENCITA AGUILAR is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of the Philippines. She also acts as Vice President of the Philippine Political Science Association, Chair of the Social Science Council, and Assistant Dean of the College of Social Sciences and Philosophy at the University of the Philippines. Ms. Aguilar is the author of a variety of papers on Philippine constitutionalism and political affairs, foreign policy, and Muslim issues.

ABDULLAHI AHMED AN-NA’IM is Professor of Human Rights at the College of Law of the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, a position he will hold through June 1990. A citizen of the Sudan, Mr. An-Na’im is also Associate Professor of Law at the University of Khartoum. His main field of research and publication is the relationship between Islam and human rights in cross-cultural perspective.

GLORIA ARDAYA is a Professor of Sociology in Bolivia, where she formerly served as the Director of the Bolivian Program of the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) and of the magazine Estado y Sociedad (State and Society). She received her Doctorate in Sociology from the School of Advanced Studies in Social Science in Paris, and from 1982–1985 she was a National Deputy in the Bolivian legislature. Ms. Ardaya has authored numerous publications on social movements, the armed forces, and the political and social crisis in Bolivia. She is a member of the Latin American Council on Social Sciences (CLACSO) working group on “The Female Condition and the Armed Forces.”

REGINALD HENRY FULBROOK AUSTIN has been Professor of Law and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Zimbabwe since 1982. He received his degrees in history and law at the University of Cape Town, and prior to receiving his LL.M. for studies in constitutional and public international law from University College London (UCL), he worked for the Attorney General in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia). Mr. Austin taught public international law at UCL from 1964–1982, as well as serving from 1976–1980 as a member of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU) legal group in the Patriotic Front’s negotiations to resolve the Zimbabwean War of National Liberation, and evolve a Constitution for independence. He was also a legal adviser on the Ceasefire Agreement and its implementation in 1980.

JULIA BAEZ is a native of Paraguay, and teaches economics and social and economic development at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), in Mexico City. She is currently engaged in an on-going research project on the economic relationship between Latin America and Europe.

BOUBACAR BARRY is Deputy Executive Director of the Council for the Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa (CODESRIA), based in Dakar. He has held that position since 1987, before which he was Professor of History at the University of Dakar from 1970–1987. His field of specialization is the precolonial history of Africa, on which he has most recently published works on the Senegambia of the 15th–19th centuries, and Islam and colonial conquest.

TAHSEEN BASHEER has held a variety of positions as a representative for Egypt, most recently as Ambassador to Canada from 1981 to 1985. He has also served as a member of the Egyptian Delegation to the U.N. General Assembly Special Session on Palestine in 1980, as Permanent Representative to the League of Arab States and Ambassador at the Foreign Office in 1976–1980, and as Presidential Spokesman and Supervisor of Presidential Press Affairs for President Sadat and Egyptian Delegations from 1974–1976. Mr. Basheer has also held academic appointments, as Resident Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute in 1981, and as Fellow at the Harvard Center for International Affairs in 1979–1980.

UPENDRA BAXI is Director of the Indian Law Institute in New Delhi, the semi-official research and publishing arm of the Indian bar. The author of numerous publications on Indian and international legal affairs, Mr. Baxi was recently involved in advising the prosecution in the Bhopal case against Union Carbide.

MAHMOUD BEN ROMDHANE is Professor of Economic Sciences at the University of Tunis. He is the coordinator of two collaborative works, on social movements in Tunisia and on industrialization in Tunisia, and a contributor to four collected volumes, including The Crisis of the State in the Arab World, and The Industrialization of the Mediterranean Basin.

ASMALASH BEYENE works for the institute for the Study of Ethiopian Nationalities. Prior to this he lectured at Addis Ababa University, where he was also Dean of the Faculty of Arts, and Vice President for Administration and Development. He is currently serving as the Executive Secretary of the Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa. He received his B.A. degree from Haileselassie I University in Ethiopia, his Masters in Public Affairs from the University of Pittsburgh, and his Ph.D. from Syracuse University, both in the United States.

HERACLIO BONILLA is Professor of History at the University of California, San Diego, part-time Professor in the Department of Economics at the Catholic University of Lima, Peru, and a member of the Institute of Peruvian Studies in Lima. Mr. Bonilla also serves as coordinator of the Economic History Commission of the Latin American Council for Social Sciences (CLACSO), and coordinator of the History Department in the Latin American Faculty for Social Sciences (FLACSO), both in Quito, Ecuador. He has written several books on the economic and social history of Peru and the Andean region.

ATILIO A. BORÓN is Founder and Director of the Center for European-Latin American Research (EURAL), in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mr. Borón has held many teaching positions in Argentina and abroad, most recently serving as Titular Professor of the Chair of Political Theory at the University of Buenos Aires, from August 1986 to the present, and as Tinker Professor of Latin American Affairs at Columbia University, New York, in the Fall of 1987.

EILEEN BOXILL is an attorney and Deputy Director of Legal Reform in the Jamaican Ministry of Justice. She received a Ph.D. in family law from the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom (1982), and previous to that obtained a certificate of Legal Education from the Norman Manley Law School in Jamaica, and an LL.B. from the University of the West Indies. Ms. Boxill was a member of the Jamaican Delegation to the U.N. Decade for Women Conference held in Nairobi in 1985, and is a member of the International Society on Family Law.

ANTHONY W. BRADLEY practices public interest law in London. He was Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Edinburgh from 1968 through 1989, and previously lectured in law at the University of Cambridge. He has edited the quarterly journal, Public Law, since 1986.

MIRIAM L. CAMPANELLA is a senior researcher in political science at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Turin in Italy, and has spent numerous leaves at the MIT Center for International Studies and at Harvard University’s Center for European Studies. She has published Nation-States and Social Order (1984), Between Rationality and Cognition: Policymaking under Conditions of Complexity, Uncertainty, and Turbulence (1988), and many articles and papers on bounded rationality.

MARIA CARRILHO is Professor of Political Sociology at ISCTE, in the University of Lisbon. She is a member of the Publication Committee of the International Sociological Association (ISA), and of the Executive Board of the Research Committee on armed forces and conflict resolution of the ISA. She received her academic training in Rome, Paris, and Lisbon, and has published several articles in Portugal on political issues, other articles in international scientific reviews, and several books in Italy and Portugal. Ms. Carrilho currently directs a research project on “Transition, Democratic Consolidation and the Armed Forces in Portugal,” sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation.

GERHARD CASPER is the William B. Graham Distinguished Service Professor of Law at the University of Chicago and, as of September 15, 1989, the Provost of the University. Mr. Casper has written and taught primarily in the fields of constitutional law, constitutional history, comparative law, and jurisprudence. He has been an editor of The Supreme Court Review since 1977.

MAPOPA CHIPETA (Rapporteur, Africa) is affiliated with the Southern African Political and Economic Series (SAPES) in Harare, where he serves as the Programmes Coordinator for the SAPES Trust.

VENIAMIN YEVGENJEVICH CHIRKIN is the Head of the Department of State and Law in Developing Countries, of the Institute of State and Law, at the USSR Academy of Sciences. He also serves as the first Vice President of the Soviet Political Science Association. Mr. Chirkin specializes in political systems, state and law in developing countries, and comparative constitutional law, and has published extensively in these areas.

JEAN-MARC COICAUD is a Visiting Scholar affiliated with the Department of Philosophy and the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. At present he is working on a book entitled, “Legitimacy and Politics.” He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Paris I Sorbonne, and in the past has served as a Lecturer on Constitutional Law in the Department of Political Science at the University of Paris, a Legislative Assistant to the Financial Committee of the European Parliament, and as a Cultural Attache to the French Consultant in Houston, Texas. His major fields of interest are comparative politics, political theory, and constitutional law.

FÁBIO KONDER COMPARATO is Full Professor in the Law School of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and practices law in Sao Paulo. He received his Doctorate in Law from the University of Paris, and is a member of the Society for Comparative Legislation in Paris, and of the International Academy of Commercial and Consumer law. Mr. Comparato has twice represented Brazil before the United Nations Commission for the International Trade Law, UNCITRAL, and has published five books on commercial law, and a draft Constitution for Brazil.

RADHIKA COOMARASWAMY is the Associate Director of the International Centre for Ethnic Studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka. In the Spring semester of 1989 she was appointed the Copeland Fellow at Amherst College in Massachusetts, based in the Political Science Department.

JULIO COTLER is the Director of the Institute of Peruvian Studies (IEP) in Lima. A political scientist by training, in the Spring of 1988 he served as Tinker Professor of Latin American Affairs at Columbia University, in New York. In October of 1989 Mr. Cotler was a visiting scholar at the Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana.

BARBARA CROSSETTE is the Chief of The New York Times Bureau in New Delhi, covering South Asia. From 1984 until 1988 she was based in Bangkok, reporting from Southeast Asia. Ms. Crossette is a graduate of Muhlenberg College, in Pennsylvania, where she studied history. She formerly served as Deputy Foreign Editor of The New York Times, and as a part-time professor of journalism at Columbia University, New York. In 1980–1981 she held the position of Fulbright Professor of journalism at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.

FRANCIS DENG, formerly Ambassador of the Sudan to the United States, is Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C. A legal scholar holding degrees from Oxford and Yale Universities, Mr. Deng is a specialist on African legal traditions, and has written widely on the impact of modernization upon African society. Prior to his current position he served as Senior Research Associate at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C.

HENRIETTE DIABATE is Maitre de Conferences at the National University of Côte d’Ivoire. She received her training in history and her doctorate from the Sorbonne in Paris, and served from 1976–1980 on the Scientific Committee of the Felix Houphouet-Boigny Foundation of the Institute of Political History in Côte d’Ivoire. A specialist in oral traditions, Ms. Diabate is the Vice President of the International Association of African Historians, and the author of several scientific articles and volumes, such as Le Memorial de la Côte d’Ivoire (1987), and “La Paroisse St. Pierre de Jacqueville: Un Siècle d’Apostolat” (1988).

JOCHEN DÖTSCH is Head of Section at the Institute for the Theory of State and Law at the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, where he has held a full professorship since 1982, and is an Honorary Professor at Humboldt University. He received his training in law and economics, receiving his Ph.D. in the latter in 1964. Previous to his tenure at the Academy, which began in 1975, Mr. Dotsch served as Assistant/Associate Professor at the Universities of Rostock and Berlin.

ABDELALI DOUMOU is affiliated with the Department of Economics of the Faculty of Law at the University of Casablanca in Morocco. He is the author of several works, among which are The State and Capitalism in Morocco, The Grand Encyclopedia of Morocco (in collaboration), and Introduction to the Study of Economic and Social History (in collaboration).

VLADIMIR ENTIN has been affiliated with the Institute of State and Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1980. He previously worked from 1972 on the All Union Research Institute on Soviet Legislation of the USSR Ministry of Justice. A graduate of the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages and the Moscow Juridical Institute, his major works include Individual and Respect for Law (collaborative, 1979), International Order: Political and Legal Aspects (collaborative, 1986), and Mass Media in the Contemporary Capitalism Political System, (1988).

ROSARIO ESPINAL is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Temple University. Originally from the Dominican Republic, she has been a fellow at the Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame, at the Latin American Center of Oxford University, and the Swedish Institute for Social Research at Stockholm University. Ms. Espinal is the author of Autoritarismo y Democracies en la Política Dominicana (San José: Capel, 1987).

JULIO FAUNDEZ is Professor of Law at the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom. He recently served as a consultant to the United Nations Institute for Namibia in 1988. He has participated in many conferences and seminars including the Warwick/EURAL International Seminar on Anglo-Argentine Relations, and the CEISAL Fourth Seminar on Latin America, both in 1988. Mr. Faundez has published many books and articles, including Marxism and Democracy in Chile: From 1932 to the Fall of Allende (1988), and Namibia: A Direct United Nations Responsibility (1987).

LOUIS FAVOREU is Professor of Public Law and Comparative Constitutional Law and Political Science of the University of Aix-Marseille III, as well as Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Law and Political Science at that university, and Honorary President of the Universities of La Réunion and Aix-Marseille III. He has been President since 1978 of the National Conference of Deans of French Law Faculties, and is Docteur Honoris Causa of the Universities of Louvain, Tübingen and Chuo-Tokyo. He has published extensively on constitutional law.

GUSTAVO FERRARI WOLFENSON is affiliated with the Raul Prebisch Foundation in Buenos Aires, and Professor of International Affairs at the University of Buenos Aires, where he was formerly director of the Department of International Affairs. He was an Associate Fellow and taught International Affairs at Harvard University in 1986–1987, and has also served as a Principal Adviser to the Constitutional Affairs Commission of the National Senate of Argentina. He directed the 1989 campaign of Fernando de la Rua for re-election to the Senate.

CARLOS FILGUEIRA is the Academic Coordinator of the Center for Information and Study about Uruguay (CIESU) in Montevideo, which he founded, and where he formerly served as director. He is also Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Science, at the University of the Republic in Uruguay, and previously headed this Institute. Mr. Filgueira received his advanced degrees in Sociology from the Latin American Faculty for Social Science in Chile (FLACSO), and has been a visiting professor at the Institute for Development Studies at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom, and at the Department of Political Science of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil. He has served as a consultant for several United Nations organizations, such as ECLA and UNICEF.

HUGO FRÜHLING is a researcher at the Human Rights Program of the Academy of Christian Humanism in Santiago, Chile, a post he has held since 1984. In 1987 he held the Human Rights Chair at the Human Rights Research and Education Centre of the University of Ottawa in Canada, and prior to that was a researcher at the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights. Mr. Frühling was educated at the University of Chile and Harvard University, and received his S.J.D. from the latter institution in 1984.

LUCIANO GALLINO is Professor of Sociology at the University of Turin. He is a member of the Academy of Science and is currently serving as President of the Italian Sociological Association. In the 1960s he was a Fellow at the Salzberg Seminar for American Studies, and at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. His main research interests at present are the models of social action and social actors; the use of artificial intelligence for teaching and research in the humanities; and the interaction between natural sciences and social sciences.

YASH GHAI currently holds a chair in public law at the University of Hong Kong. Until the end of 1989 he was a professor on the Faculty of Law at the University of Warwick, in the United Kingdom. He has previously taught at the University of East Africa, Yale Law School, Uppsala, and the University of the South Pacific, among others, and has served as a legal and constitutional consultant to several governments and international organizations. Mr. Ghai is the author of numerous articles and books on public law, state owned enterprises, race relations, and economic integration.

CARMEN GONZALEZ DIAZ DE VILLEGAS is a Researcher at the Centre of Studies on Africa and the Middle East in Havana, Cuba. She worked for 20 years in the East and South African Desk at the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and for 9 years on South Africa at the Centre (since its inception). Ms. Gonzalez has written three books on that subject, available in Spanish, and a chapter for a collective volume on Southern Africa published recently in English entitled Change and Counterrevolution in Southern Africa. She is currently involved in a short-term study on South African and Zimbabwean foreign policy.

LUIS EDUARDO GONZALEZ is Director of EQUIPOS Associated Consultants, an academic and consulting organization in Montevideo dedicated to the study of public opinion, Associate Researcher at the Center for Information and Study about Uruguay (CIESU), and Professor at the Latin American Center of Human Economics. He received his master’s degree in sociology from the Bariloche Foundation in Argentina, and his doctorate in political science from Yale University in the United States. Mr. Gonzalez has served as a professor in various institutions in Uruguay and the United States, as a consultant, and as the author of works published in the United States, Uruguay, Spain, and Mexico.

DOUGLAS GREENBERG, Vice President of the ACLS and Visiting Professor of History at Rutgers University, came to the Council from Princeton University, where he taught in the History Department and was Assistant Dean of the Faculty. A former Guggenheim Fellow, Mr. Greenberg specializes in American Colonial and legal history, and has written extensively on that subject. Mr. Greenberg currently serves as Chair of the New Jersey Historical Commission, and is working on a book about public festivities in early America.

JOHN GRIMOND is foreign editor of The Economist news magazine, a position to which he was appointed in 1989. He joined The Economist in 1969, and has served as African correspondent, assistant editor, Britain editor, and American editor. He was educated at Balliol College at Oxford University, prior to which he taught for a year in Zambia. Mr. Grimond was a Harkness Fellow in 1974–1975, for travel and study in the United States, and a visiting Nieman Fellow at Harvard University in 1975. He ran for election to Parliament as a liberal candidate in the 1970 election, and has written for many publications in the United States.

PETER HARDI is Professor of Political Science at Karl Marx University of Economics, Budapest, and Director of the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs, and Vice President of the Hungarian Political Science Association. In 1978–1979 Mr. Hardi was Visiting Professor at Yale University, and between 1985–1987 was a Senior Associate at the Institute for East-West Security Studies, New York. His main fields of interest are political pluralism, East European decision-making, and environmental conflict management.

WILHELM HENNIS is Professor of Political Science Emeritus at Freiburg University im Breisgau, where he has taught since 1968. In 1951–1952 he was a legal assistant at the Bundestag, and has also served as both Assistant Professor and Full Professor at the Universities of Frankfurt, Hannover, and Hamburg. Mr. Hennis was Heuss Professor at the New School for Social Research in New York in 1977–1988, and a Fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg Berlin in 1986–1988. His fields of interest are political philosophy and government, and the English language edition of his book, Max Weber Fragestellung (1967), was published in 1988.

YUDE HENTELEFF is a senior partner of the legal firm of Buchwald, Asper, Henteleff, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He has worked extensively in the field of human rights with respect to minority groups throughout Canada. Currently a member of the Board of Directors for the Canadian Human Rights Foundation, in 1980 and 1983 he was appointed Commissioner of that body. Mr. Henteleff also serves as Honorary Solicitor for the Learning Disabilities Association of Canada and on the Advisory Board of the Manitoba Association of Rights and Liberties, and has acted as legal counsel to a number of native groups in Manitoba.

PHAN HIEN is Minister of Justice of the Republic of Vietnam, a Member of Parliament, Chairman of the Vietnam-United States Society, and Vice President of the Vietnamese Association of Jurists. He formerly served as Minister in Charge of Information and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, and as Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Phan Hien was a member of the Vietnamese Delegation to the Paris Peace Talks, and previously served as an officer in the Vietnamese People’s Army. As a student, he participated in the August Insurrection of 1945.

KAMAL HOSSAIN is the President of the International Law Association, Bangladesh National Branch. He was on the Drafting Committee of the Constitutional Assembly of Bangladesh in 1972, in addition to holding the Ministerial Posts of Law in 1972 and of Foreign Affairs in 1973. Mr. Hossain has conducted research on law and national resources, and has been elected Expert Advisor to the United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations.

EBOE HUTCHFUL is Associate Professor in Political Science at Trent University in Ontario, Canada, and Adjunct Professor at Scarborough College of the University of Toronto. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1973, and has taught at the Universities of Ghana, in Legon, and Port Harcourt, in Nigeria. Mr. Hutchful has researched and written on military politics, debt and structural adjustment, and the environmental aspects of the oil industry in Nigeria. He is the author of  The IMF and Ghana (1987), and of a forthcoming study on oil, ecology, and public policy in Nigeria.

PATRICIA HYNDMAN is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of New South Wales in Australia, and serves as Director of the University of New South Wales Human Rights Centre. She is also Secretary of LAWASIA (Law Association for Asia and the Pacific) Human Rights Committee.

JAN-MAGNUS JANSSON has been Chancellor of Åbo Academy in Finland since 1985. He was Professor of Political Science at Helsinki University from 1954–1974, and the Minister of Trade and Industry from 1973–1974. Mr. Jansson served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Jufvudstadsbladet newspaper from 1974–1987, and has been Chairman of the Board of the Finnish Institute of Foreign Affairs since 1959.

NIHAL JAYAWICKRAMA is Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Hong Kong, where he focuses on human rights law, constitutional and administrative law, and legal systems and legal method. He has held positions as the Associate Director of the Marga Institute in Colombo, Research Fellow at the University of London, Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice in Sri Lanka, Acting Attorney-General in Sri Lanka, and Vice Chairman of the Sri Lankan Delegation to the UN General Assembly. Of his recent publications, several have concerned the draft Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and human rights in Sri Lanka and Hong Kong.

NEVIL JOHNSON is Nuffield Reader in the Comparative Study of Institutions at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, and Professorial Fellow of Nuffield College. He served in the British Civil Service until 1962 and taught successively at the Universities of Nottingham and Warwick. He has served as a part-time Civil Service Commissioner and was from 1981–1987 a member of the Economic and Social Research Council. Mr. Johnson was Hon. Editor of Public Administration for 14 years, and has written widely on political institutions and problems of government. His latest book is The Limits of Political Science (1989).

LANSINÉ KABA is Professor of History and Director of Black Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He received his Ph.D. from Northwestern University, in Chicago. Mr. Kaba has written in both French and English and published extensively on 16th-century West Africa and modern Guinea. His book The Wahhabiyya: Islamic Reform in French West Africa (1974) received the Herskovits Award in 1975 given by the U.S. African Studies Association. He was a recipient of the Distinguished Teacher Award at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

EUGENE KAMENKA is Professor of the History of Ideas and Head of the History of Ideas Unit at the Australian National University in Canberra. He has held visiting professorships or research fellowships at, among others, Moscow State University, Columbia University, the Max-Planck-Institute in Hamburg, the University of Singapore, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver. Mr. Kamenka has authored and edited many publications, including Community as a Social Ideal, and Law-Making in Australia (with Alice Tay), and is presently preparing a three-volume work with Ms. Tay on Marxism, Revolution and Law.

PETER H. KATJAVIVI is a member of the Standing Committee of the Constituent Assembly which is drafting the new Constitution of Namibia. He is also an Associate Fellow at the Southern Africa Research Program, Yale University, doing research on U.S. foreign policy towards Southern Africa since the 1960s, with specific reference to Namibia. He worked for SWAPO from 1968 to 1979, when he held the consecutive positions of Chief Representative in the United Kingdom and Western Europe, and Secretary of Information and Publicity, and during this period was also editor of Namibian News. He recently published a book, A History of Resistance in Namibia (with J. Curry, 1988), and two more are forthcoming in 1989 entitled The Road to Namibian Independence, and Church and Liberation in Namibia (with P. Frostin and K. Mbuende).

STANLEY N. KATZ is President of the ACLS, and a leading authority on American legal and constitutional history. He formerly served as Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor of the History of American Law and Liberty at the Woodrow Wilson School and the History Department at Princeton University, and is currently a Senior Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson School. He holds all his degrees from Harvard University and has taught in law schools and history departments at Harvard, the Universities of Wisconsin and Chicago, as well as at Princeton. He is the author of numerous publications.

MIRIAM KORNBLITH is a visiting scholar at Stanford University, where she became affiliated under the auspices of the Fulbright Program for International Exchange. She is also Assistant Professor at the Institute of Political Sciences of the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, attached to the Catholic University “Andrés Bello.” She previously worked as a researcher for the Center of Development Studies of the Central University of Venezuela, in the areas of Scientific and Technological Development and Socio-Political Development. She is writing her doctoral thesis in political science at the Central University, and has published a volume on State and Public Expenditure in Venezuela: 1936–1980 (1985), and several articles and essays on related topics.

KNUD KRAKAU is Director of the John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies of the Free University of Berlin, where he also serves as Professor of North American History. He is trained in law and political science, and has lectured and taught in Germany, the U.S., and other countries in Europe. Formerly a Fellow of the Institute of International Relations in Hamburg, Mr. Krakau has published six books and many articles on international and German law, U.S. general and constitutional history, and the history of American foreign relations.

LUDGER KÜHNHARDT has been "Privatdozent" for Political Science at the University of Bonn since 1986, where he previously was Dr. Phil. and Habilitation, and Executive Assistant for the Seminar for Political Science. From 1987–1989 he was the main speechwriter for the President of the Federal Republic of Germany. Mr. Kühnhardt studied history, philosophy, and political science in Bonn, Geneva, and Tokyo, and has served as a Research Associate at Harvard University’s Center for European Studies. He is a 1989–1990 Senior Associate Member of St. Antony’s College at Oxford University.

KÁLMÁN KULCSÁR is Minister of Justice of Hungary, a position he has held since 1988. He served as the Deputy Secretary General of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1983–1988, where he also was Director of the Institute of Sociology from 1969–82. He received his Doctorate in Legal and Political Sciences from the Hungarian Academy, and is a full member. Mr. Kulcsár has taught political and legal sciences at Pécs, and the sociology of law at Budapest, where he has been Full Professor since 1970. In 1965–1966 he was granted a Ford Foundation research fellowship, and taught at Indiana University in 1986. He has published extensively in English, German, French, and Russian.

BOLIVAR LAMOUNIER is Professor of Political Science at the Catholic University of Sao Paulo, and a Researcher at the Institute of Economic, Social and Political Studies (IDESP), where he was Director until 1988. Mr. Lamounier was a member of the Constitutional Studies Commission from 1985 to 1986 which was appointed to prepare a draft constitution for Brazil. He has written numerous books and articles on Brazilian politics.

DANIEL S. LEV is Professor of Political Science at the University of Washington. A specialist in Southeast Asian comparative politics, he has done research in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. His publications include The Transition to Guided Democracy (1966), Islamic Courts in Indonesia (1972), and essays and articles on law and politics in Indonesia and Malaysia. At present he is writing a book on the politics of legal change in Indonesia and another on the political biography of a prominent Indonesian human rights leader.

GILL-CHIN LIM is Professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning and in the Institute for Government and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. A graduate of Seoul National University, Harvard University, and Princeton University, where he obtained his Ph.D., he has served as consultant to a number of national and international agencies, including the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlement, the American Council on Germany, and the World Bank. His research deals with multi-disciplinary and comparative studies of public policy and planning, and he has written widely on these subjects.

JUAN J. LINZ is the Pelatiah Perit Professor of Political and Social Science at Yale University, where he previously served as Professor of Sociology and Political Science. He received his advanced degree in law from the University of Madrid, later going on to earn his Ph.D. in sociology from Columbia University. Mr. Linz has held a number of teaching appointments in the U.S. and Europe, and has been the recipient of numerous honors, fellowships, and awards. He has published widely in the field of political sociology, authoring books such as Crisis y cambio: Electores y partido en la España de los años ochenta (with J.R. Montero, 1986), and The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibration (1978), and has served in editorial posts for a variety of academic publications such as the Portuguese Revista de Ciencia Política (Political Science Review) and Comparative Studies in Society and History.

T. MULYA LUBIS is past National Chairman of the Indonesian Legal Aid Institute. He received his education in law at the University of Indonesia, the University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard University, and is currently working toward a Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. He serves as a Council Member of the Regional Council on Human Rights in Asia (Philippines), as a Council Member of the Asian Legal Resource Center (Hong Kong), as a Member of the Board of Human Rights Internet (Cambridge, Massachusetts), and is a member of the International Advisory Committee of Human Rights Advocates (Berkeley, California).

RUI CHANCERELLE DE MACHETE has been President of the Executive Council of the Luso-American Foundation in Portugal since 1988. A Member of Parliament, he has also been President of the Committee for Planning and Economic Affairs since December 1985, and has served as President of the Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Revision. He was Minister of Justice from 1983 until February 1985, when he became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense through November of that year.

MAHMOOD MAMDANI is Professor in the Department of Political Science at Makerere University in Uganda. Since receiving his Ph.D. from Harvard University, he has also served as professor at the University of Dar es Salaam and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Mr. Mamdani is the author of a number of volumes, among them From Citizen to Refugee (1973), Politics and Class Formation in Uganda (1976), and Imperialism and Fascism in Uganda (1983). His current interests include agrarian questions, social movements, and democratic struggle.

IBBO MANDAZA, Director of the Southern African Political and Economic Series (SAPES), as well as of the Southern African Chapter of the African Association of Political Science, also serves as the Head of the Zimbabwean Parastatals Commission. He received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom.

KELEBONE ALBERT MAOPE is Attorney General of Lesotho, a position he has held since 1986. He has also served as Public Prosecutor from 1972–1975, as a private practitioner from 1975–1978, and, consecutively from 1978–1986, as Lecturer in Law, Deputy Dean, and Senior Lecturer in Law at the National University of Lesotho. Mr. Maope was educated at University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, the University of Edinburgh, where he received his LL.B. in 1972, and the University of London, where he received his LL.M. in 1979. He was appointed Arbitrator under the Essential Services Act, 1975, and is Associate Editor for the Lesotho Law Journal.

KENNETH MAXWELL is Senior Fellow and Director for Latin America at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. He was formerly Professor of History at Columbia University, where he founded and is the Chairman of the Camoes Center for the Portuguese Speaking World. He has written extensively on Iberian and Latin American affairs and history.

ANNA MICHALSKA is Professor of International Law on the Faculty of Law at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznán, Poland. Her special subject of research is the international protection of human rights. She formerly served as Visiting Professor at the Sorbonne, and as Lecturer on Human Rights at Strasbourg. Ms. Michalska has consulted with the UNESCO and the Council of Europe as an expert on human rights, and published Human Rights in International Law, and International Convenants on Human Rights?.

THANDIKA MKANDAWIRE is the Executive Secretary of the Council for the Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa (CODESRIA). He studied and taught economics in the Department of Economics of the University of Stockholm from 1970–1978, and served from 1982–1985 as a Special Advisor and Visiting Professor at the Zimbabwe Institute of Development Studies. His particular research interest is state policy formation in African countries.

ATHALIAH MOLOKOMME has been a Lecturer in Law at the University of Botswana since 1983. She received her LL.B. from the University of Botswana and Swaziland in 1981, and her LL.M. from Yale Law School in 1983. She has written several papers on the legal status of women in Botswana, and has researched and participated in a legal awareness campaign for women in Botswana. She has recently been part of a project on democracy in that country, and has written a paper on political rights for the 1988 Seminar on Democracy in Botswana, the proceedings of which are to be published.

GILBERT MUDENDA (Rapporteur, Africa) is affiliated with the Southern African Political and Economic Series (SAPES) in Harare.

WALTER F. MURPHY is McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence in the Department of Politics at Princeton University, where he is also Faculty Associate at the Center of International Studies. He has received numerous academic honors and awards, including Guggenheim, N.E.H., and Fulbright Scholarships. The author of many books and articles on the judiciary, comparative constitutionalism, and public law, Mr. Murphy is also an award-winning novelist, his most widely known and translated work being The Vicar of Christ. He served with distinction in United States Marine Corps, retiring as Colonel in the Reserves in 1974. He has lectured widely in the United States and abroad, and is currently preparing a volume on comparative constitutionalism based upon his work with this project.

CHANDRA MUZAFFAR is President of Aliran, a social reform movement in Malaysia which he founded in 1983. He received his doctorate in political science at the University of Singapore, and served as a lecturer at the School of Social Science at the Science University of Malaysia from 1970 to 1983. Mr. Muzaffar is also involved in human rights work at the regional and international level. He is the author of Protector?, Freedom in Fetters, and Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia.

CHARLES MWALIMU, a native of Zambia, is Senior Legal Specialist at the Law Library of the Near Eastern and African Law Division of the United States Library of Congress. He is the author of numerous publications on African law, including “Police and Human Rights Practice in Nigeria: A Primer Case Study toward Developing Constitutional Orders in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in the Emory International Law Review (Winter 1990), and is currently in the final phase of a three-volume work on “The Law and Legal Literature of Nigeria,” commissioned by the Library of Congress, and scheduled for publication in 1991. Mr. Mwalimu has served as a participant, panelist, and guest lecturer at various conferences and symposia on African law, with emphasis on constitutional law and human rights.

CARLOS SANTIAGO NINO is a lawyer, Senior Research Member of the Center of Institutional Studies in Buenos Aires, and Guggenheim Fellow. From 1983–1989 he served as Advisor to the President of Argentina on constitutional reform, and was Coordinator of the Council for the Consolidation of Democracy from 1985–1989. Receiving his degree in law from Buenos Aires and Ph.D. from Oxford University, he twice served as Visiting Professor of Law at Yale University, and is Professor of Law at the University of Buenos Aires. He is the author of numerous books and articles on legal and political philosophy and criminal and constitutional theory, and his forthcoming volume, El constructivismo etico, will be published in Madrid.

SAMUEL C. NOLUTSHUNGU is Lecturer in Government at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom. Born and raised in South Africa, he has also held university positions in Nigeria, Canada, and the United States. Mr. Nolutshungu has published widely, and is the author of South Africa in Africa: A Study of Ideology and Foreign Policy and Changing South Africa: Political Considerations. His study on Intervention and Civil Strife in Chad 1960–1987 will be published in 1990.

H.W.O. OKOTH-OGENDO is Director of the Population Studies and Research Institute at the University of Nairobi, where he formerly served as Dean of the Faculty of Law. He has held positions as visiting professor at universities in the U.S. and Africa, and currently acts as consultant to a number of international and national agencies, including the UN-FAO, the World Bank, the Kenyan Commission for Higher Education, and the Kenyan National Council for Population and Development. He is the author of numerous articles on agrarian reform planning, constitutional politics and human rights law, the environment, and labor.

MELANIE BETH OLIVIERO serves as Project Director for the ACLS Project on Comparative Constitutionalism. Formerly Executive Director of the Indian Rights Association, Ms. Oliviero received her Ph.D. in sociolinguistics from Georgetown University. She has taught and applied social science research on issues of law and policy as they affect linguistic and cultural minorities in North America and elsewhere. Among her varied activities at the Indian Rights Association was the planning of a symposium in 1987 entitled “In Search of ‘A More Perfect Union’: American Indian Tribes and the United States Constitution.”

OPE PASQUET is an Under-Secretary in Uruguay’s Department of State.

TAPAN RAYCHAUDHURI is Reader in South Asian History at the University of Oxford, and Professorial Fellow at St. Antony’s College, and has taught at Oxford since 1973. A graduate of the University of Calcutta and Oxford University, he previously taught history and economic history at Delhi University. Mr. Raychaudhuri’s main area of interest is the social and economic history of India during the Mughal and Colonial period. His publications include the Cambridge Economic History of India, of which he was general co-editor, and Europe Reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in 19th Century Bengal.

JUAN RIAL is Director and Researcher at Peitho, Society for Political Analysis in Montevideo, Uruguay. An historian by training, his current research interest is the armed forces and society. He has presented papers on that subject, and has published widely on civil-military affairs in general.

LILIANA DE RIZ is Director of the Political Science section at the Center for Studies of State and Society (CEDES) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Educated at the Universities of Buenos Aires and Paris, Ms. De Riz has taught at the Universities of Mexico and Uruguay, and at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) in Santiago de Chile, Mexico, and Buenos Aires. She has written several articles and books on Latin American politics, including Retorno y derrumbre: el último gobierno peronista.

DOV RONEN is an Associate at the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University, where he formerly served as Director of the Africa Research Program, which he founded in 1981. Born in Hungary and educated in Israel and the United States, Mr. Ronen was for several years a lecturer in the Departments of African Studies and Political Science in Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and has held other visiting appointments in the U.S. He is the author and editor of many books and articles, including Dahomey: Between Tradition and Modernity (1975), The Quest for Self-Determination (1979), and Pluralism and Democracy in Africa (1986).

CAROL ROSE is Professor of Law at the Yale Law School. Her teaching and research fields are in the areas of property law, natural resource law, and legal history. Prior to her appointment at Yale, Ms. Rose taught at the law school of Northwestern University in Chicago, as well as at the law schools at Stanford University and the University of California at Berkeley, and at the History Department at Ohio State University, and was a visiting scholar at the University of Cologne. She has published many articles; “Energy and Efficiency in the Realignment of Historic American Water Rights” will appear shortly in the Journal of Legal Studies.

ALAIN ROUQUIÉ is Director of Research at the Center of Studies and Director of International Research at the National Foundation of Political Science in Paris. He has spent much of the past decade working for the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where from 1981–1985 he was in charge of Latin American issues for the Center for Analysis, from 1985–1988 served as Ambassador to El Salvador, and from 1986–1988 was Ambassador to Belize. A student of letters, sociology, and political science at the University of Paris, where he obtained his doctorate in human sciences, Mr. Rouquié has specialized in comparative politics, carrying out numerous research projects in Latin America. He has published many works on authoritarian regimes, the military and democracy, and Latin American foreign affairs, including Poder military sociedad politica en la Argentina, and El Estado militar en América Latina.

FERNANDO DE LA RUA, Senator from Córdoba in the Argentinian Congress from 1983 through 1989, holds a doctorate in law, and is a Professor and Director of the Department of Professional Practice at the University of Buenos Aires. He was first elected Senator for Buenos Aires for the 1973–1976 term. In 1983 he ran as a candidate in the primary election for President of the Republic. He is the author of four books.

KUMAR RUPESINGHE is a Researcher at the International Peace Research Institute (PRIO) in Oslo, Norway. A native of Sri Lanka, Mr. Rupesinghe received his academic training in sociology. He has authored a number of articles and reports while at PRIO, including “On the Sri Lanka-Indian Peace Accord,” published in the Sri Lanka Human Rights Newsletter (1987), and The Social and Economic Conditions of Export Oriented Industrialization as a Strategy of Development, a PRIG Report (1987). He is also active in the implementation of HURIDOCS, an international database on ethnic conflict and human rights.

CHAI-ANAN SAMUDAVANIJA is Professor on the Faculty of Political Science at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, a Senator in the National Congress, and the Secretary-General of the Social Science Association of Thailand, as well as the founding Director of the Institute of Public Policy Studies (IPPS) in Bangkok. He received his degrees at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, and at the University of Wisconsin, where he obtained his Ph.D. Mr. Chai-Anan has served as Visiting Fellow, Scholar, or Professor, respectively, at the Woodrow Wilson School of Princeton University, at the East Asian Institute of Columbia University, and at the University of Wisconsin. He has published widely in Thai and English on aspects of Thai and Southeast Asian politics.

ELFI SCHNEIDENBACH does research at the Institute for the Theory of State and Law at the Academy of Sciences of the G.D.R. She previously served as Assistant Professor in American Studies at the Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, and from 1985–1989 was affiliated with the Ministry of Higher and Technical Education, where she was responsible for relations with English-speaking countries. Her main field of research at present is the U.S. Supreme Court.

HANS-PETER SCHNEIDER is Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Hannover. He studied law, political science, and history at the Universities of Freiburg im Breisgau, Paris, and Munich, and has served as a visiting scholar at the Law School of the University of Chicago. He is member of the Supreme Court of Lower Saxony in the Federal Republic of Germany, and is the author of many books and articles on constitutional law, jurisprudence, and legal theory.

ANDRES SERBIN is President of the Venezuelan Institute of Social and Political Studies (INVESP) in Caracas, Professor in the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences at the Central University of Venezuela, and a staff Professor for the Venezuelan Air Force. Mr. Serbin was educated in anthropology and social psychology in Argentina and Venezuela, and received his doctorate in political science from the Central University of Venezuela. He has taught in Mexico, and was the founder and President from 1984–1986 of the Venezuelan Association for Studies of the Caribbean, and in 1986–1987 was President of the Caribbean Studies Association. He is the author of many books on the Caribbean, including El Caribe: una zona de paz? (1988), and Indigenismo y autogestión (1980).

LLOYD SHACHIKONYE (Rapporteur, Africa) is affiliated with the Zimbabwe Institute for Development in Harare.

ISSA SHIVJI has lectured at the University of Dar es Salaam since 1970, where he is a Professor of Law and Head of the Department of Legal Theory. Since 1977 he has also served as an advocate of the High Court and the Court of Appeals of Tanzania. Mr. Shivji received his LL.M. from the University of London, and his Ph.D. from the University of Dar es Salaam. He has been active in legal aid practice since 1979, and has been Visiting Research Professor at El Colegio de Mexico, and Visiting Professor at the University of Zimbabwe. He has published extensively, and is the author of law, State and the Working Class in Tanzania (1986), and The Concept of Human Rights in Africa (1989).

LAXMI MALL SINGHVI is Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India. Founder of the Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies in New Delhi, Mr. Singhvi is one of India’s acknowledged experts on constitutionalism. He also has served as Vice Chairman of the U.N. Subcommission on Human Rights.

SJAHRIR is Lecturer in the Faculty of Economics and the Graduate School Department of Economics at the University of Indonesia. In 1988–1989 he held the position of Visiting Scholar at the Institute for International Development at Harvard University. He is Founder and Chairman of Ya Yasam Padi dan Kapas, a foundation active in education, research, and public health issues, and serves as a columnist for several publications in Indonesia. Mr. Sjahrir is the author and editor of several volumes including Basic Needs in Indonesia: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy (1986), and Kebjaksamaan Negara (Second printing 1988).

PETER H. SMITH is Professor of Political Science, Adjunct Professor of History, and Simón Bolivar Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of California, San Diego, where he is also Research Director of the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies. He previously taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was Head of the Department of Humanities before being appointed as Associate Dean for Humanities Programs, and has taught and held visiting appointments in the U.S. and Mexico. In 1981 Mr. Smith served as the President of the Latin American Studies Association, and is currently Co-Director of the Bilateral Commission on the Future of United States-Mexican Relations, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Council for International Exchange of Scholars. He is the author of many books and articles on the politics and history of Latin America, including Modern Latin America (with T. Skidmore, 1984).

JORDI SOLÉ TURA is Full Professor (Catedrático) of Constitutional Law on the Faculty of Law of Barcelona University, where he formerly served as Dean of the Faculty of Law from 1985–1988. He was a Member of the Spanish Parliament from 1977–1982, serving as a Member of the Parliamentary Drafting Commissions of the Spanish Constitution and Catalonia Statute of Autonomy, in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Last year Mr. Solé Tura became a Deputy of the Catalonian autonomous Parliament, and was elected Senator in the Upper Chamber of the Spanish Parliament. He is a columnist in El País (Madrid), and El Periódico (Barcelona).

DAVID I. STEINBERG, past president of the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs, is an independent consultant. A former member of the Senior Foreign Service, Department of State, where he was director of technical assistance for Asia and the Near East, the Philippines, Thailand, and Burma Affairs, Mr. Steinberg was also a representative of The Asia Foundation in Burma, Korea, Hong Kong, and Washington. He is the author of numerous books and monographs, with two of his more recent publications being Burma: The Cumulative Crisis, which is in press, and The Republic of Korea: Economic Transformation and Social Change, published last year.

NILS STJERNQUIST, LL.D., Ph.D., was Professor of Political Science at Lund University in Sweden from 1951–1983, and served for some years as Vice Chancellor of the University. He has been a member of several Royal Commissions, inter alia those preparing the new Swedish Constitution of 1974. He has published articles and books on Swedish constitutionalism and public administration, and currently serves as a consultant to the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation.

ALICE TAY is Challis Professor of Jurisprudence in the University of Sydney. She is also a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, and President of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Ms. Tay has served as a part-time Commissioner of the Australian Law Reform Commission, and as a member of the Australian National Commission for UNESCO. She has lectured widely abroad, and has held visiting positions at Columbia University, the Max-Plank Institute, and the University of British Columbia, among others, and is the author, editor, and co-editor of 10 books and monographs.

YERIM THIAM is a lawyer practicing in Dakar, Senegal.

NEELAN TIRUCHELVAM is a lawyer in Sri Lanka. He is the Director of the International Centre for Ethnic Studies, and a Trustee of the Law and Society Trust, both in Sri Lanka. Mr. Tiruchelvam has written and taught extensively on constitutional law and ethnic pluralism, most recently holding a visiting post at the Harvard Law School in 1988.

MARIE-FRANCE TOINET is Director of Research at the National Foundation of Political Science in Paris and Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Studies of Paris. Her primary field of research is the American political system, focusing on the Supreme Court. Ms. Toinet has taught at the Universities of Iowa and Michigan at Ann Arbor, and at Yale and New York Universities. A former Harkness, Congressional, and Eisenhower Fellow, she has recently co-authored Le Liberalisme à L’Amérique.

BORIS NIKOLAYEVICH TOPORNIN is Director of the Institute of State and Law, of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of International Relations with degrees in law, and in 1987 was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences. Mr. Topornin has published many books on constitutional law and political science including Higher Organs of State Power in European Socialist Countries (1965) and Constitutional Law of Foreign Socialist Countries (1986).

RITA TULLBERG is currently affiliated with the Marshall Library of Economics at Cambridge University in England. Educated at York and Cambridge Universities in economics and economic history, she emigrated to Sweden in 1972 where she worked for many years at Stockholm’s International Peace Research Institute on military expenditure and related issues. Ms. Tullberg recently served as a consultant to the Department for Disarmament Affairs at the United Nations in New York, and as British Academy Thank Offering to Britain Fund Fellow she published a book on the history of women’s education.

SANFORD UNGAR is Dean of the School of Communication at American University in Washington, D.C. Between 1980 and 1983 he was the host of several programs on National Public Radio, including the award-winning “All Things Considered,” and has often appeared on public, commercial, and cable television as the moderator of debates. Mr. Ungar has published many magazine and newspaper articles, and has been Washington editor of The Atlantic, and managing editor of Foreign Policy magazine. He was educated at Harvard College and at the London School of Economics, where he received his M.A. in International History. He has authored several books one of which, Africa: The People and Politics of an Emerging Continent, has just been published in its third edition.

BORWORNSAK UWANNO is Associate Professor of Public Law, which includes constitutional, administrative, and economic law, on the Faculty of Law at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok. He is also Director of the Law and Development Program at the Institute of Public Policy Studies, and serves as a Member of the Policy Advisory Council to the Prime Minister. Mr. Borwornsak has published several works in Thai on the Thai Constitution of 1976, and the law and political institutions of Thailand.

JUAN VALDES PAZ is a Researcher in the Latin American Department of the Center for Studies about America based in Havana, Cuba, and serves as Chief of that department. He was formerly Director of Cuban Agriculture and Professor of Agriculture at the University of Havana. Mr. Valdes has developed projects on rural sociology, migration, and the international politics of Cuba and Latin America.

CSABA VARGA is Senior Fellow at the Institute for Legal and Administrative Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, where he has been affiliated since 1965 as, respectively, a Research Assistant, Associate, and Fellow. He also is Associate Professor of Law (Jurisprudence) at the Faculty of Law of Budapest University. Mr. Varga received his doctorate in law from Pécs University, and his Scientific Degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is involved with several international legal organizations, serving as Secretary of the Hungarian Section of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, and has published widely in Hungarian, English, and German, with two recent works being The Place of Law in Lukács World Concept (1985), and Codification as a Social and Historical Phenomenon (forthcoming).

KLAUS VON BEYME is Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science of the University of Heidelberg, where he has taught since 1974. He received his training in political science, sociology, and history from Universities in Heidelberg, Munich, and Moscow, and Harvard University. He served as Professor at Tubingen University from 1967–1974. Mr. von Beyme was President of the International Political Science Association from 1982–1985, and has published widely. One of his more recent works is America as a Model (1987).

ALEXANDER VON BRÜNNECK is Professor of Public Law at the Law Faculty of the University of Hannover. Educated in law and political science at the University College in London, the Institute of Political Studies of Paris, and the Free University in Berlin, Mr. von Brünneck has authored numerous publications on German constitutional law and comparative constitutional law, including Die Eigentumsgarantie des Grundgesetyes (1984).

STEFAN VON SENGER UND ETTERLIN (Rapporteur, Europe) will shortly receive his Ph.D. in history from the Free University of Berlin, where he also has served as Research Assistant with the John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies. In 1987–1988 he was selected by the German Marshall Fund of the United States to be a Congressional Fellow, and worked as staff assistant to Representative David E. Skaggs (Democrat-Colorado), and Senator Carl Levin (Democrat-Michigan). He has also served as an Administrative Intern at the Commission of the European Community, Brussels.

ABDULLARAHMAN WAHID is Chairman of Naldatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. He serves as a member of the People’s Consultative Assembly, which appoints the Indonesian President, in addition to writing for newspapers and journals. Mr. Wahid has written three books on Islam in Indonesian, and authored chapters for a number of volumes.

ERNEST WAMBA-DIA-WAMBA, a citizen of Zaire, is Associate Professor of History at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. He teaches courses in philosophies and methodologies of history (theory of history), the history of capitalism, and the history of Central Africa.

WANG CHENGUANG is Lecturer and Vice Dean of the Beijing University Faculty of Law, where he received his degree in law in 1983, and prior to that his bachelor’s degree in Western languages and literature. In 1985 he went to Harvard Law School under the Ford Foundation-supported legal education exchange program, and was awarded the LL.M. in 1986. Mr. Wang is a specialist in constitutional law, legal theory, and the sociology of law and teaches at the undergraduate and graduate level.

JOSEPH H. H. WEILER is Professor of Law at Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, and at the European University Institute in Florence, and is currently serving as Lady Davis Visiting Professor at the Hebrew University. He is the author, inter alia, of Il Sistema Comunitario Europeo and was Director and General Editor of the multi-volume comparative project Integration Through Law: Europe and the American Federal Experience. Recently he has co-edited 1991 — A Single European Market?.

GITA HONWANA WELCH is affiliated with the Department for Research and Legislation within the Ministry of Justice of Mozambique, where she was Director from 1983 until 1986. While working towards her law degree in Mozambique, she was appointed as a public prosecutor in Maputo Provincial Court in 1978, and in 1979 was appointed High Court Judge in Maputo City Court. She was educated at the Lisbon Law School, Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo, and Columbia University Law School, where in 1987 she received her Master’s Degree. In addition, she has served as visiting lecturer at the Women’s Law Institute at Oslo University, and is pursuing her studies for a Ph.D. in international law at Oxford University.

STEVEN C. WHEATLEY is Director of the American Studies Program at the American Council of Learned Societies. He received his undergraduate training at Columbia University, and earned his Ph.D. in history at the University of Chicago, where he was later Dean of Students of the Public Policy Program and taught American history. He is the author of The Politics of Philanthropy: Abraham Flexner and Medical Education (1989).

LAURENCE WHITEHEAD is an Official Fellow in Politics at Nuffield College, University of Oxford, and teaches at Oxford’s Latin American Centre. He has concentrated his work on the politics and economic policies of several Latin American countries (Bolivia, Chile, Mexico) and on the processes of redemocratization in much of the sub-continent.

MALCOLM R. WILKEY is Ambassador of the United States to Uruguay. Prior to his appointment to this post in 1985, he was a Visiting Fellow at Wolfson College and a member of the Faculty of Law at Cambridge University in England. Mr. Wilkey was appointed United States Attorney in Texas from 1954–1958, Assistant U.S. Attorney General from 1958–1961, and from 1970–1985 served as a judge of the D.C. Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals. In the years previous to becoming an Appellate Judge, he was General Counsel of the Kennecott Copper Corporation. Mr. Wilkey received his undergraduate and law degrees from Harvard University, and has lectured widely on constitutional and administrative law in the United States and Europe.

XIN CHUN-YING is Director of the Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Law Studies Section, which is a branch of the Law Institute of the China Social Sciences Academy. She received her training from the Jilin Law School, the Graduate School of the China Social Sciences Academy, and as a two-year visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, Law School. Her publications include works on legal theory, constitutional law, comparative law, and conflict law.

HIROKO YAMANE teaches International Relations at Maiji Gahuin University in Tokyo, and works for the Division of Human Rights and Peace at UNESCO in Paris. She studied political science and law at Tokyo and Yale Universities, and at the National Foundation for Political Science in Paris. Ms. Yamane writes on a freelance basis for various economic journals.

ZHANG WENXIAN holds the positions of Deputy Director of the Center for American Studies, Vice Dean of the School of Law, and Associate Professor of the Faculty of Law, all at Jilin University in the People’s Republic of China. He is a Research Fellow at the Jilin Province Academy of Social Sciences, and serves as Vice Chairman for the Jurisprudence Research Committee of the China Law Society, and as Academician for the China Politics Society. He has conducted research and published several books on legal philosophy, concentrating both on Western legal systems and the reform of political processes in China.

ARISTIDE ZOLBERG holds the University-in-Exile Chair at the Graduate Faculty of Social and Political Science of the New School for Social Research in New York City. He formerly taught for many years at the University of Chicago, and has been a visiting professor in France at the Institute of Political Studies of Paris, the School of Advanced Social Science Studies, and the College of France. Mr. Zolberg has published extensively in the fields of comparative politics and historical sociology, and is currently completing a book on the politics of international population movements from the 16th century to the present.