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NOTES
- American Memory
is the online resource compiled by the Library of Congress' National Digital
Library Program that provides access both to the Library's own collections
of American history as well as to those of other libraries and archives
across the country (through the National Digital Library Competition).
The ARTFL Project presents American and French Research on the Treasury of the French
Language—a cooperative project established in 1981 by the
French Government's Centre National de la Recherche Scientific and
the University of Chicago to produce a new dictionary of the
French language. In the process, a database was assembled of some
2,000 French texts from the thirteenth to twentieth centuries in
literature, philosophy, the arts and sciences. ARTFL is available on the Web
by subscription, although some reference works have unrestricted access.
The Perseus Project is a
constantly growing "digital library of resources for studying the ancient
world," including texts, translations, philological tools, maps, essays, and
24,000 photographs. Based at Tufts University, Perseus was initiated in 1985
and now consists of a four-CD-ROM set, a large proportion of which
is available without charge on the Web.
The Making of America
(also at http://moa.cit.cornell.edu/MOA/moa-mission.html) is a collaborative digital library of primary documents of mid-nineteenth-century U.S.
social history. Started in 1995 as a Mellon-funded project between
Cornell University and the University of Michigan, the project currently has
page images and searchable text of 5,000 volumes between 1850 and
1877. The project's ambition is to involve research institutions and
national consortia to develop common protocols and consensus for the
selection, conversion, storage, retrieval, and use of digitized materials.
The Museum Educational Site Licensing (MESL)
Project was launched in 1995 by the Getty Art
History Information Program (now the Getty Information Institute) and
MUSE Educational Media. This two-year collaboration brought together
seven museums and seven universities to develop and test a model of
licensing visual material across closed campus networks. [Back to text.]
- The National Information Infrastructure refers to the body
of communications and information resources and services that is
becoming increasingly integrated; a variant is the Global Information
Infrastructure, since communications services transcend national borders.
NII components include the telephone system, cable and broadcast
television, satellite and other wireless communications systems, and
data bases, libraries, publications, and other information repositories.
Some define the NII to include only those resources accessible
electronically, others are more inclusive. The Internet is considered by many as
a microcosm of the NII because it is composed of heterogeneous
elements and integrates many information and communications resources. Back to text.
- The digital library concept involves the integration of
collections, people, and services across the cycle of information creation,
dissemination, organization, finding, use, and preservation. See, for
example, Paul Duguid and Daniel E. Atkins, Digital Libraries: Report of the
Santa Fe Planning Workshop on Distributed Knowledge Work
Environments (March 9-11) (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan School
of Information, 1997). Back to text.
- With the Association for Computing Machinery, a major
computer science professional organization, SIGGRAPH is the Special
Interest Group (SIG) on Computer Graphics. It blends science and art to
advance computer graphics and related human-computer interactions. Back to text.
- Bruce R. Schatz, "Information Retrieval in Digital Libraries:
Bringing Search to the Net," Science January 1997: 327-334. Back to text.
- See Clifford A. Lynch, "The Z39.50 Information Retrieval
Standard." D-Lib Magazine April 1997. It explains that "Z39.50—properly `Information Retrieval (Z39.50); Application
Service Definition and Protocol Specification, ANSI/ISO Z39.50-1995'—is
a protocol which specifies data structures and interchange rules that
allow a client machine (called an 'origin' in the standard) to search
databases on a server machine (called a 'target' in the standard) and retrieve
records that are identified as a result of such a search." Back to text.
- See, for example, Computer Science and
Telecommunications Board, Realizing the Information Future: The Internet and
Beyond (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994) for commentary
and references on trends in educational institutions and libraries. Back to text.
- Note that the humanities differ from computer science in
rewarding professional organization and evaluation of the work of others.
The implications of Shaw's suggestion could range from the practical to
the scholarly. Back to text.
- See, for example: Association of American Universities
Research Libraries, Reports of the AAU Task Forces
(Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1994); Computer Science and
Telecommunications Board, Realizing the Information Future: The Internet and
Beyond (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994); Anthony M.
Cummings, Marcia L. Wit, William G. Bowen, Laura O. Lazarus, and Richard
Ekman, University Libraries and Scholarly
Communication (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1992); and Lawrence Dowler,
ed., Gateways to Knowledge: The Role of Academic Libraries in
Teaching, Learning, and Research (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997). Back to text.
- See Duguid and Atkins, Digital
Libraries. Back to text.
Contents
I. Introduction and Background
II. Toward a Common Language: Methods and Context
III. Software and Standards Development
IV. Economic and Institutional Issues
V. Next Steps: Talk First to Select Actions Better
NOTES | Appendices
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